New Entry to the Market and Game Theory Free Essays

Consider a firm that is mulling over section into another market. What commitment, assuming any, can game hypothesis make to the examination of the monetary suitability of such a methodology? Allude to the crucial timetable, response capacities and the Nash premise in your answer. Presentation: Management choices come up short on the full data, so they are limited discernment choices. We will compose a custom article test on New Entry to the Market and Game Theory or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Organizations are players in a game, and the game measurements are characterized as far as geology and item. So any new participant will attempt to enter the market he will play a game in two measurements geology and item (model Apple entering the advanced mobile phone advertise). The contestant needs to diminish its cost from the market cost so he can ensure a part of the piece of the overall industry (take piece of the pie from the officeholders). The officeholders have two alternatives: either to contend or to suit. We present the standards of the Game Theory as follows: Critical Timeline: Management can watch conduct as signs and as examples in the signs. Examples do develop in the watched conduct, designs in value developments or examples to do with accomplishing development through obtaining. The examples make a basic course of events (CTL) of watched activities and as the CTL unfurls, it uncovers a technique. The new participant needs to watch these examples and the executives sorts of the officeholders over a significant CTL, to conjecture their response to his entrance, is it going to be a serious or accommodative response. Occupants without a doubt confronted past contestants with a response when they attempted section, the new participant can consider and investigate this CTL to conjecture the conceivable response of the officeholders particularly that organizations the board for the most part they rehash their sort again and again particularly when it succeeds. Response capacities: When the new participant will enter the market, the response from the officeholders will be either latent (Cournot model) to adjust the amount in the market, I. e. to modify his yield with the goal that the two firms produce the market need and the two of them sell all their yield so the cost won't go down and the benefit doesn't go down also. Or then again, the response will be forceful (Bertnard model) by cutting the cost of the new contestant and as needs be start a value war. 1) Cournot model response work: For this situation, the occupant will think along these lines: since the participant entered the market and right now picked a cost. On the off chance that I decide to cut cost and enter a value war we will all wind up in misfortune (benefit is zero), so the best response is to pick a yield that will promise me a benefit boosting given the entrant’s yield. So after the participant enters, the occupant will diminish his yield according to the Reaction Function graph demonstrated as follows. Since the officeholder thinks in the event that he expands his yield, at that point the market cost will go down and benefit will go down with it. Information available here is urgent, to arrive at this benefit expanding condition the market must be in which firms must settle on creation choices ahead of time, are focused on selling all their yield. This may happen in most of creation costs are sunk or it is expensive to hold inventories, in this condition firms will do all the stuff to sell all its yield. The Cournot balance here makes positive benefit for the organizations. 2) Bertnard model response work: For this situation, the participant when enters the market will enter in a lower cost than officeholders to take their clients and award a piece of the pie for himself. The officeholders will respond by diminishing the cost much more and the contention between the organizations will go on and will bring about a completely serious result. In this condition the opposition will be furious in light of the fact that the items are immaculate substitutes. On the off chance that the items are separated, value rivalry is less extreme. (Besanko 2010). In this Bertnard model the limit isn't steady as in Cournot. This model relates to business sectors in which limit is adaptable that organizations can satisfy the entirety of the need that emerges at the costs they declare. On the off chance that organizations items are impeccable substitutes, at that point each Bertnard contender accepts that it can take enormous measures of business from its rivals through a little cut in cost, when all contenders think along these lines, in balance, value cost edges and benefits are headed to zero (Besanko 2010) The outline underneath shows the Bertnard Reaction work when items are separated where the two firms arrive at a Bertnard Equilibrium that are well above peripheral expense thus the two of them make benefit, in the event that their items are ideal substitutes to one another, at that point the cost will be headed to minor expense and benefit will be zero. Nash Premise: If the officeholders picked the non accommodative methodology then it is possible that they will arrive at the zero benefit circumstance if the items are immaculate substitutes, or they may arrive at a balance (Nash) if the items are some way or another on a level plane separated. Nash Equilibrium is arrived at when the two firms arrive at a circumstance when every one of them picked a technique and nobody can profit by changing his methodology while different players keep their unaltered, at that point the current arrangement of procedure decisions and the comparing settlements comprise a Nash balance. I. e. Firm 1 creation the best choice it can, considering Firm 2’s choice, and Firm 2 creation the best choice it can, considering Firm 1’s choice. (Wikipedia. com) Example: Meat preparing industry in the US, there were 4 industry pioneers, at that point came JBS SA from South America and bought Swift Co. to frame JBS Swift Co. at that point the amount created expanded (overabundance limit). Limit needed to drop in any case the viewpoint would stay grim. Tyson chose to close its industrial facility at Emporia, Kansas pulling 4000 head of limit from the market. After this conclusion the limit and the meat costs have balanced out. (Besanko 2010) We can find in this model how when another participant rose (JBS Swift Co. ) the limit expanded made the costs drop. We infer that the market limit here is fixed (Cournot model) and when the officeholders saw that impact they knew for reality that lessening the yield will profit everyone. Along these lines, Tyson Co. shut one of its plants, the all out yield in the market dropped made the costs balance out once more. Here this is a sort of Cournot harmony that is reached. The occupants experienced an accommodative methodology for this situation instead of serious. End: The contestant needs to watch intently the Critical Timeline of the market’s occupants before entering this market. As indicated by his estimate of their response (regardless of whether it will be accommodative or serious) he needs to construct his system whether he can endure or not. The participant needs to consider the market request (limit), is it going to be influenced by the new passage by engrossing the additional amount (can prompt Bertnard) or the interest is fixed (that can prompt Cournot). The entrant’s procedure must be based on the Reaction Functions determined from the officeholders where from that point the participant can compute the Nash balance esteem and the likelihood to arrive at it or the other chance to arrive at the zero benefit condition. Instructions to refer to New Entry to the Market and Game Theory, Essay models

The benefits and drawbacks of digitalisation in educational sector Essay

The advantages and downsides of digitalisation in instructive area - Essay Example A portion of these progressions are sure though others are negative. This paper examinations the writing accessible through auxiliary research to find out about the advantages and downsides of data correspondence innovation or digitalization in instructive part. Advantages of Digitalisation in Educational Sector Computer based advancements are ordinarily utilized at the current instructive area which help the understudies and instructors to impart and share data carefully. Word preparing programming like Microsoft Word and spread sheets like Microsoft Excel helps understudies monstrously in making moment reports and taking care of issues. Spelling checkers, word references and readymade PC programs are accessible these days for redresses and figurings. Introduction programming like Microsoft PowerPoint helps the two instructors and understudies to communicate their perspectives in an unmistakable way with the goal that the common correspondence between the educator and the understudi es could be improved. Databases like Oracle, MS Access and so on help instructors to keep up advanced records of understudies in an organized way. To put it plainly, the majority of the educational plan capacities are vigorously subject to the data correspondence innovation at present. Inner and outside systems like Local Area arrange (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) are utilized explicitly by schools and universities to convey one another. Intelligent advanced TV (iDTV), as a generally simple approach to utilize innovation, brings numerous difficulties and openings into the field of training, for example development and usage of learning by means of TV, called t-learning. T-learning has numerous attributes (for example innovative or academic perspectives) that separate this kind of training from other very much expounded... There are numerous downsides additionally connected with the digitalization of instructive part. Digitalization is a costly represent instructive part. This paper traces the issue of worldwide digitalisation. This exploration is important to find out about the benefits and negative marks of digitalization in instructive sector.The computerized innovation joined in instructive division ought to be easy to understand. In any case instructors and understudies may avoid it. More youthful age adjusts all the more effectively with the digitalization procedure in instructive division than the more established age. The world is getting digitalized increasingly more over the long haul. The presentations of PCs, TVs, cell phones and web have made a computerized culture which influences each section of human life at present. The distinction in culture between the present world and the world couple of decades before can be distinguished without any problem. It ought to be noticed that the corres pondence advancements several decades prior was subject to simple innovation while it is intensely reliant on computerized advances at present.Creation of media rich condition in schools and homes is another preferred position of digitalization of instructive segment. Media assumes a fundamental job in upgrading the nature of training. Understudies get significant information from media while they watch instructive projects. Web, email, TVs, tablets and cell phones help understudies gigantically in procuring legitimate information in their instructive subjects.

What Are Atypical Antipsychotics

What Are Atypical Antipsychotics Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Using Atypical Antipsychotics for Treatments By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 22, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 21, 2019 Nenov/Moment/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis Antipsychotic drugs are designed to treat a severe psychiatric condition known as psychosis. Psychosis is characterized by the distortion of thoughts during which a person loses touch with reality, often manifesting with hallucinations, paranoia, or delusions. Psychosis has long been treated with a class of drugs known as typical antipsychotics. These were first developed in the 1950s and, while effective, are known to cause Parkinson-like side effects in many users. Today, a newer class of medication known as atypical antipsychotics are commonly used. These were introduced in the 1990s and boast a different side effect profile with far fewer of the Parkinson-like effects than the older agents. Atypical antipsychotics are commonly referred to as second-generation antipsychotics, while typical psychotics are called first-generation antipsychotics. Atypical Versus Typical Antipsychotics Both typical and atypical antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, which means that they impede chemical messengers in the brain known as dopamine. In people with psychosis, dopamine signals are typically abnormal. Antipsychotics block those messages. Atypical antipsychotics also influence a chemical messenger known as serotonin. Atypical antipsychotics are most typically prescribed to treat schizophrenia and to augment the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Symptoms The two classes of drugs differ in the range and severity of side effects they can cause. Comparatively speaking: Typical antipsychotics are more likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects in which motor control is sometimes severely impaired, causing tremors, spasms, muscle rigidity, and the loss of control and coordination of muscle movement. In some cases, the symptoms may become permanent even after the treatment is stopped.Atypical antipsychotics are far less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects. With that being said, they are known to cause weight gain, metabolic problems, and sexual side effects, among others. Types of Atypical Antipsychotic There are many different atypical antipsychotics used to treat psychotic episodes of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other mental illnesses. Among them: Abilify (aripiprazole) is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder but may also be used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Side effects include weight gain, headache, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, constipation, and lightheadedness.Clozaril (clozapine) is a preferred option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Some studies have shown that Clozaril decreases suicidal behavior. Clozaril may cause potentially serious side effects, including agranulocytosis (a dangerous drop in white blood cells, and therefore requires ongoing blood tests to monitor for this), and acute myocarditis (heart inflammation). The FDA issued a black box warning in which elderly people with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death.Geodon (ziprasidone) is used to treat schizophrenia and either a manic or mixed episode of bipolar disorder. It has also been used off-label to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . The drug has been known to cause dizziness, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), and postural hypertension (a drop in blood pressure when standing).Invega (paliperidone) is used to treat schizophrenia but is also the only oral atypical antipsychotic with a formal FDA indication to treat schizoaffective disorder. Invega may also cause restlessness, weight gain, and sedation.Risperdal (risperidone) is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. While less sedating than some of the other atypical antipsychotics, Risperdal tends to have more extrapyramidal side effects.Seroquel (quetiapine) is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar and other mood disorders, but is often used off-label to treat insomnia due to its potent sedative effect. When compared to the other antipsychotic drugs, Seroquel has a lower incidence of motor side effects but may cause weight gain, and postural hypertension.Zyprexa (olanzapine) is used to treat schizophrenia and bip olar disorder. Zyprexa can also cause significant weight gain as well as high blood sugar (increasing the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes). With that being said, Zyprexa has a lower rate of extrapyramidal effects than most of the other atypical antipsychotics.

Debate on Male vs. Female - 943 Words

My Debate on Sex In my opinion the biggest social issue we face is prostitution. I believe it should be legal. If an adult woman wants to sell her services of sexual acts, she should be allowed to do so. Women sell their bodies for movies and advertisements. Women sell their eggs to help other women produce babies. Some women rent out their wombs for other women. These acts are legal; there is no reason why a woman should not be able to make a business out of selling sex acts. The business should be taxed and regulated like any other business. The woman should have to follow the rules for safe sex and she should be able to refuse service at any time. I do not believe as the Swede’s do that prostitutions makes sex violent. Sex is†¦show more content†¦I purposely try to avoid those things that are advertised using sex to sell them. I think I am one of the few. I believe we have made great strides in combating AIDS. As a society we have come together through educational campaigns and ra llied. We as a society pushed for research to help combat the AIDS virus and find a cure. It is too bad we cannot work together this well on other matters. I do not follow any of the political analyses verbatim. I believe as conservatives do that families should teach their children about sex and self-restraint. Children must be taught about ways to protect themselves and parents should offer to buy condoms. Parents must be open and honest with their children and themselves when it comes to adolescent sex. I disagree with the liberal view of prostitution, but I agree with their view on pornography. I agree with the radical left that we need to eliminate gender discrimination in our society. We are all people and what we do behind the bedroom door does not define who we are. All I know is what I believe. We as a society spend far too much time, talking about sex, looking at sex, worrying about who is having sex and wondering if we are sexy enough. We want to regulate sex, tell people they cannot have sex and defend the rights for those who do. We have come a long way in understanding sexuality, but we still have a long way toShow MoreRel atedNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial to psychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophy and is still relevant todayRead MoreThe Idea Of Women And Men Use Language Differently1199 Words   |  5 Pagesinterrupted more. Robin Lakoff found that women’s language lacks authority when compared to that used by men and she believes that women use many techniques in their speech that are deficient to men s speech. In the Deficit Model Robin Lakoff describes male language as stronger, more prestigious and more desirable. She argues that women are socialised into behaving like ladies . She gives examples of language techniques women use that make their language seem deficient these include, fillers, hedgesRead MoreThe Great Debate : Essentialism Vs. Dominance1138 Words   |  5 PagesBeep, Beep look out there’s a woman on the road. Often time’s women are stereotyped as a bad driver. In the article â€Å"The Great Debate: Essentialism vs. Dominance,† Courtney Stoker argues that there is a difference in communication between men and women through two theories. The Essentialism theory is the thought that men and women communicate differently due to their natural instincts as the D ominance theory imposes that the difference in communication is due to men’s perceived dominance (StokerRead MoreGender And Nature Vs. Nurture994 Words   |  4 Pagesgender is something that is self-identifiable, most people live their lives being told what it should look like or be. Scholars and scientists debate over the heaviest influences on an individual’s gender; thought to be generally comprised of some mixture in brains, genetics, evolution, biology, and socialization. Modern debate looks at supposed ‘nature vs. nurture’ influences and gender’s ever-relevant role in the LGBT+ community. However, it is foggy what chiefly constitutes a person’s gender andRead MorePro-Consent Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesThe three main aspects of politics, religion and the women’s right to choose go into the different arguments over the debates of abortion. One of the movements which is pro-life which is against the legalization of abortion. Another main movement is pro-choice which believes that ‘if’ the fetus is a person then the women can’t if the abortion. However, pro-consent believes that the women have a right to choose to consent to the condition of pregnancy or obtain an abortion (McDonagh, 23). Pro-consentRead MoreDescribe the Role of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development794 Words   |  4 Pagesgenes and hormones in gender development† Biological sex is determined by chromosomes in your genes. At prenatal development, only a few weeks after conception, there is no notable difference between male and female structure until the Gonadal Ridges, the structure which develops either female or male sex organs, grows to determine the sex of the baby. All prenatal babies have genitalia that appears distinctly feminine until at three months, hormones- testosterone if the baby’s to be a boy, and oestrogenRead MoreGender Subjectivity, By Judith Butler841 Words   |  4 PagesGender subjectivity is another important aspect of the debate around gender because it focuses on a move away from the idea of innate sexual identity characteristics that divide human beings into male and female (Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 2014). This type of view challenges the essentialism of sexual difference into something more then a binary between male vs. female, heterosexual vs. homosexual, etc., as it recognizes that these dichot omies are problematic because the term of genderRead MoreEssay On Masculinity1259 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences in gender roles of men and women have been a topic of debate for years. People argue whether there is still masculinity and femininity in today’s society. Masculinity can be defined as being protective, aggressive, assertive, competitive, confident, and independent (Gordon). Femininity can be defined as being honest, loving, kind, empathetic, and nurturing (Dalla-Camina). Masculinity is mainly found in men and femininity is mainly found in women. These differences in gender playRead MoreTechnology s Progression And The Advancement Of Human Societies1486 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual without the worry of any repercussions. Social media sites, such as Facebook and Google+, are prone to abuses like cyberbullying. Anonymous blogging is another technological advancement that has fostered cyberbullying activity and fueled ethical debate. On sites, such as College ACB and Juicy Campus, which have both recently faced tightened regulations due to their verbally abusive nature, youth (typically of college age) were able to login and comment anonymously in an open forum. The forum includedRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Psychology And Biology1449 Words   |  6 Pages Nature vs. Nurture is one of the most prevalent theories in psychology and biology; scientists previously believed that personality traits were derived from either genetics or environmental elements, but more recently have concluded that both factors play a role in the expression of genes. However, the influences of genetics and environmental factors on sexual orientation is still a controversial topic which is currently being discussed in both psychological and biological debates. While many researchers

Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 1287 Words

Rachel Ihasz Period 1 Major Works Data Sheet Author: Henrik Ibsen Date of Publication: December 1879 Genre: A Doll’s House is a naturalistic/ realistic play with Victoriana-Era flair; (also a modern tragedy in play form) that deals with real life family crises of the 1870s’. Title: A Doll’s House 1. Style a. Point of View - Since A Doll’s House is written in play form, all of the action is displayed in front of the audience with actors portraying the roles. We as readers only get to read the text of the play. However there is no particular scope to visualize any individual character perspective. Further more, the point of view is third person, limited. b. Structure – Every act starts with scene direction. Ibsen also only wrote three acts, with no scenes inside the acts. His play includes no asides, interior monologues, or soliloquies. c. Diction – Most of Ibsen word choice is ironic, particular, and precise with a touch of satire. Most of Torvalds’s lines are said in one way but interpreted in another, especially when he speaks to Nora. To him, he’s just calling her cute little pet names like â€Å" My little skylark,† or â€Å"My little songbird,† but to her, it feels like he’s talking to her as if she were mere child. Specific words such as â€Å"child† or â€Å"naive†(said by M. Linde), or â€Å"little†, â€Å"obstinate†, â€Å"helpless†, and â€Å"childish†(said by Torvald) further explains their perception of her personality and persona. Ibsen didn’t place them in for cute little pet names; almostShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husba nd’s, Torvald, life. Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1152 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House884 Words   |  4 Pagestransform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seemingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complic ations arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House923 Words   |  4 Pages A Symbol of the Times Henrik Ibsen masterfully uses symbolism to add depth and meaning to his play A Doll’s House. The story is about a housewife named Nora who gets into trouble when she forges her father’s name to borrow money for her husband’s sake. Many objects take on new meaning in this story, from the Christmas tree in the opening scene to the slammed door at the end. Ibsen uses Nora as symbol representing how many women in that time period were treated like objects. The literal meaning ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 909 Words   |  4 Pages The three-act play A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, is centered around the protagonist, Nora Helmer whose never been by herself. She lived with her father until he became ill and was left to die on his deathbed, to living with her obliviously controlling husband, Torvald Helmer, who treats her like a possession more than a person. In the beginning of the play, Nora’s sneaky attitude is caused by her hu sband treating her like a â€Å"doll† (hence the name, A Doll’s House). He’s about to get a new jobRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1381 Words   |  6 PagesNora’s Transformation from Repression to Liberation in A Doll’s House The play in prose A Doll’s House is written by Henrik Ibsen, and set in Norway in 1879. By inserting symbols into the storyline, Henrik Ibsen reveals the theme of female submissiveness and male superiority during the 19th century and highlights character revelation in the play, namely through Nora’s transformation from being repressed to being liberated. Ibsen includes a variety of symbols throughout this work, specificallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 989 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a tragic story depicting women as less equal to men. The story uses symbolism throughout the play, playing off the title. In Ibsen’s story he shows the tale of Nora Helmar, a ditz woman with a spending habit who devotes herself to her husband Torvald. Torvald is an overbearing man who treats his wife Nora as lesser than himself, as if she was a child. Controlling her, the play looks into Torvaldâ €™s mind and shows he believes Nora is actually less than a child butRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 970 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House Ashleen Kaushal TOPIC: The theme of heredity in the play I. Introduction Henrik Ibsen’s three-act play, A Doll’s House, follows a seemingly typical housewife as she becomes painfully aware of the flaws in her marriage with a condescending, chauvinistic man. Ibsen uses the ideology of a Victorian society as a backdrop to inject the theme of heredity in the play. He employs several characters to demonstrate the different facets of heredity in order to highlight how this concept

The Wonders of Planet Earth Free Essays

‘The perpetual cycle of change which has created the face of the Earth, with all its rugged and Fascinating variety usually happens too slowly to be noticed. But occasionally it is rapid and Violent. Volcanoes disgorge molten lava, earthquakes rip open the landscape, landslides, carry away Whole mountainsides. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wonders of Planet Earth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then human beings become aware of the awesome forces that are shaping Their planet. These forces are fuelled by three powerful sources of energy – heat from within the Earth, heat from the Sun, and the force of gravity. Every landform in the world has been shaped by these ttu. ee energy sources. ‘the continents that drift across the surface of the globe, setting off volcanoes and earthquakes and Building mountains. are driven by heat from the Earth’s interior which has a temperature of about 5000†³C (9000’F). Most of this heat is created by the breakdown of radioactive elements. Earth is unique among the planets of the Solar System in having liquid water on the surface and water has a major role in shaping the planet. The warmth of the Sun evaporates water from seas and lakes. The vapor rises and condenses to form clouds and then falls again as rain and snow. It is then that its landscaping powers begin, weathering rocks and washing away the loose material. or grinding down the landscape under the power of a glacier. The Sun’s heat also produces the rain and the waves that scour the land. The third force – gravity – causes the tides, which nibble away at the edges of continents, and landslides. hich alter the shape of mountains. Under the influence of gravity. rain works its way downwards as streams and rivers, carving the terrain. On its journey, it carries fragments of rock and sand to be deposited on the ocean floor. And over thousands of years more rock which may then be buckled and lifted up by movement of the Earth’s crust to form new mountains. {source: Readers Digest, Discovering the Wonders of our World A guide to natures Sciences marvels] How to cite The Wonders of Planet Earth, Essay examples

Beowulf Criticism Essay Example For Students

Beowulf Criticism Essay The hero has been looked upon for centuries as a symbol of strength. From the earliest written documents stories have come forth of heroes and their adventures. In the eighth century an unknown poet scribed the story of Beowulf. Within its pages are tales of their hero, Beowulf, and his adventures. Throughout the use of weaponry and armor show the hero through an extension of their power. The Christian impact brings with it the divine power that enables the hero to beat his enemies with weapons and armor of infinite strength. The weapons and armor chosen by a hero, control his ultimate destiny. The instance where Beowulf uses his hands to fight Grendal and ultimately kill him. Beowulf remembers that all power lay in gods hands, therefore he does not pickup his sword, this fight would be undertaken with his brute strength. Our holy father had sent Beowulf as a sign of his grace, a mark of his favor, to help us defeat Grendal and end that terror, (381-83). No synthetic weapon can harm Grendal so to kill him you must fight him with your bare hands. This he did gloriously, with the strength of god. Ripping Grendals arm off using his unmatched power as his weapon of destruction. Beowulf used his hands as a weapon to kill Grendal. Because his chose his hands he was able to defeat Grendal since swords and traditional weapons could not penetrate his skin.Another example of how the superior armory allows victory occurs when Beowulf chooses the divine sword to kill Grendals mother. Then he sawa heavy sword strong and blessed.best of all weapons. 1556-60 saw sword on wall and used it to fight her. The soldiers martial valor is expressed by the sharp visualization of their gear, Clark. Clark expresses his belief that Beowulf visualized victory when he saw the sword. That the image of victory became a reality when he felt the divine strength in the sword his valor rose to heroic levels. Beowulf later goes on to say; Id have been dead at once if our Father in Heaven had not helped me,1656-1658. This proves the divine power felt by Beowulf and shows he felt he could not win without that strength. With sword he could penetrate her skin without the weapon he would have been unable to harm her therefore being killed. The best example of armory controlling ones destiny occurs when Grendals mother stabs Beowulf with dagger but, armor stops its point. She drew a daggerher stabbing blade was blunted by the woven mail shirt he wore on his chest. Mail shirt stopped dagger grendals mother stabbed Beowulf with. He would have been done for, had not God and his loyal mail-shirt helped him,goldsmith. The divine power resurfaces again with the mail shirt possessing the power to stop the daggers point. Goldsmith recognizes the godly force bound to the armor. Without the help of God, Beowulfs destiny would have been compromised. However with the superior armor possessed Beowulfs archetypal destiny remains. Tools a hero chooses allow him to accomplish the task at hand and also keeps him alive. The army with the best weaponry has historically prevailed in all conflicts. Although every army ever assembled believes themselves to have God on their side. Beowulf is different because God gave him the best armory to use. God has granted him the greatest strength to defeat all his enemies. Weapons and armor play the lead role in any combat situation. Hence the phrase Bringing a knife to a gun fight. The victor is obvious right? Heroes today use weapons and armor to beat all their enemies as the American Armed Forces have shown in certain Middle Eastern conflicts. Whoever possesses the superior armory controls the destiny of all antagonized. A lethal conflict requires the right tool for the job.

Asian Families essays

Asian Families essays Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia contains about 60% of the worlds population and growing each year. Though China, and India are two of the most populated countries in the world, having about 30% of the worlds population, there are about two-fifths of the countries that have less than five million habitants. Though forty-two different countries make up this great continent, much of the similarities are family values. Customs and traditions might be different, however, western ideas and influences have wiped out many of those customs and created new ones in most of the countries in Asia. Even in comparison from country to country, the new ways and ideas are similar. The basic Asian family would be the same as in any family in comparison to the rest of the world. Patriarchy families are more popular amongst many Asian families. It is believed that the man is in charge of the house in most if not all the countries in Asia. However, there is some form of equality between men and women in Asia. Some countries have more equal rights than others. Some countries such as the Middle East countries give very minimal rights to women. Even a great country like the United States doesnt have full equality between men and women. Because of urbanization, western ideas and influences are reaching the average Asians. Asians are moving into cities with phenomenal speed. In an article by Michael Sivy of Time International Magazine, Malaysias Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim states, Today, half of all Malaysians live in cities. Sivy adds, the result is an irreversible change in the family structure that has prevailed in Asia for thousands of years. The urbanization of these families helped to promote further growth in all aspects. It has converted the extended family into a nuclear one, says Richard Robison, director of the Asia Research Center at Murdoch University...

Computer related injuries essays

Computer related injuries essays In the business environment, repetitive stress injuries (RSI) cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have mushroomed to afflict everyone from secretaries to executives with hurting muscles, tendons, and nerves. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 70 percent of all occupational illnesses reported in the United States will be cases of repetitive stress injuries. Medical expenses and lost work for U.S. businesses are totaling $20 billion. The main cause of keyboard repetitive stress injuries is hand-arm alignment. This allignment causes muscles to become overworked, causing stress and fatigue in the hands, arms, neck, and shoulders. Also, with the rapid rise of mouse-driven software and the large number of people surfing the Internet via a mouse, new ergonomic issues related to the use and the location of the mouse must be studied. To avoid computer-related injuries, all computer users can benefit from understanding basic guidelines for proper positioning at the computer and effective workstation design. Preventing tired wrists and hands is really a matter of taking charge of your posture and computer work environment. Awkward posture while keying and failure to change your keying or sitting position can add to wear and tear on your wrists and hands. Keep your wrists and hands straight. When you work with straight wrists and fingers, the nerves, muscles, and tendons stay relaxed and comfortable. Therefore, they are less likely to develop the strains and pains that are often associated with keying. Your posture at the computer affects the position of your wrists and hands. If you lean your body forward (flexion) or backward (extension) or if you slouch, your wrists and hands also adapt by becoming flexed or extended. Slouching causes the nerves, muscles, and tendons that support your wrists and hands to be ...

What Effect did the 442nd Battalion Have on the Allied Success in Research Paper

What Effect did the 442nd Battalion Have on the Allied Success in World War II and America - Research Paper Example They went through injustices whereby their business and homes were taken away from them and bank accounts frozen forcing them into an economic and financial crisis. In addition, most Japanese-American religious and political leaders were illegally arrested and wrongfully detained while their whereabouts were kept secret. In 1942 during the Second World War American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave a directive that required most of the Japanese-Americans to be confined in isolated camps where they guarded and denied their rights and freedoms until after the war. However despite the injustices and prejudices that the Japanese-American citizens went through, they are credited for the major role they played in the Second World War. This paper therefore explores the impact the Japanese-American soldiers especially the 442nd Battalion had on the Allied success in the Second World War and America. Introduction The 442nd Battalion was a United States Army that was mainly composed of the Japanese-American soldiers who fought in Europe especially in Italy, Germany and France during the Second World War. ... Pearl Harbor Attack The Japanese bombing of the U.S Army base at Pearl Harbor that brought America into the War. Even though the attack was viewed as a stunning tactical victory to Japan, the attack resulted in an eventual victory for United States after the Second World War. The attack was a remarkable military success, brightly executed by the Japanese that caused eight American war ships to capsize. The Japanese attack on the Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor changed everything. A county that was originally diverse with tensions became unified with the aim to wage war against its global especially on Japan that had planned the bombing attack at Pearl Harbor. The nature of the attack followed by revelation of the injustices committed to the Americans of Japanese descent aggravated the situation. Internment of Japanese-Americans Soon after the Japanese bombing on the United States Army base at the Pearl Harbor all Japanese-American citizens were viewed as a threat to the security of Uni ted States. In February 1942, as a way of trying to revenge on the attack and beef up security following the bombing, the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the War Department to set up military bases in the western region of the country where all American citizens of Japanese descent especially men were rounded up and confined so as to be monitored of any suspicious acts. Following the directive from the president, more than 110,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans living in the United States were detained in isolated camps where they were restricted from leaving and their rights and freedoms violated. In the camps the

From the novel The Good Earth Analyze Wang Lung Include his values, Essay

From the novel The Good Earth Analyze Wang Lung Include his values, what he loves, a chronology of the changes in his character - Essay Example The essay aims to analyse the moral character of Wang Lung in the novel. The essay examines the changes within his character throughout the novel and the chronology of changes in his thoughts and beliefs throughout the novel. The novel depicts Wang Lung as a poor, simple and hardworking farmer. He was born and raised in a small Chinese village. He was around twenty years of age at the beginning of the novel. He possesses great value for the Chinese traditions and gives considerable importance to duties to the family and filial piety. Wang held the belief that land brings happiness and wealth to the people and is great source of prosperity and richness. He was forced to marry a slave after which his life turned and he became owner of a land that made him wealthy patriarch. However, his success could be regarded as a mixed blessing because while achieving the piece of land, wealth and influence he lost his simplicity and values as found him unable to practice the norms calling for love for land and family. The novel shows the character of Wang marked with two important and contrary features. On one hand, he had great love for the land, traditions and family that allow him possessing good sense, work ethics, frugality and family love however, on the other hand, he had great desire for wealth and status in his heart and he want to get over his poverty and lo w social status. The novel depicts the change occurred within his moral and social status that brought several important changes in his life. As he got wealth and status, he lost his connection to the world and also found him unable to participate in the old traditions. These traditions were of great importance in his life and thus losing these values and norms was great setback for him and he experienced major transformation is his moral character. He used to give great value to the land and his live for earth keep his character on right track. Most of the part of the story shows him a person with true heart h aving great love for the earth however, his character was spoiled by his desire for land and status after which his moral character became a dark feature of his personality. In the end, he regret and decide to rebuilt his connection with the land but his desire for status was not over rather it was transferred to his sons and he saw in his old age that his sons were also making the same mistakes that he made in his life by breaking the connections with the land that actually has the tendency of providing wealth, happiness and status to the people. Wang was living a simple life as a countryman however when his father arrange bride for him he had to go to the town to bring her. He was afraid of facing the people in the town because he was a simple man living a simple life. He goes to the House of Hwang to collect his wife but he was not able to adequately behave with the wealthy people. He suffered from inferiority complex through he does not resent his low status but facing wealthy p eople made him highly conscious about his social status. This consciousness also compelled him committing certain acts against his nature and character. He was an honest person but he got involved in the stealing of wealth when he got chance to change his conditions. When it became difficult for him to manage livelihood for his family he moved towards south and tries to earn money carrying a rickshaw. During an incident he found that a rich house has been broken by mob where there was large amount of silver

Titration of Amino Acids and Peptides

Titration of Amino Acids and Peptides Titration is the process used to analyze the acid-base behaviour of amino acids and peptides. A 0.25 g sample of unknown amino acid and aspartame were transferred quantitatively to separate 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. 20.0 ml of distilled water was added to each flask using a volumetric pipette then the flask was swirled to dissolve the samples. Small increments of 0.200 M HCl were added to both samples to produce an acidic solution and then each sample was titrated by adding 0.200 ml of 0.200 M NaOH. The pH of the acidic solutions was measured from 1.5 until it reaches pH 11 and it was recorded in every addition of the base. On the Aspartame, the total volume of the base added was 8.0 ml and 29.6 ml on the unknown amino acid. Titration curves were constructed based on the pH values and volume added. The identity of the unknown amino acid was revealed to be Aspartic acid. A titrimetric profile of the amino acid and aspartame were drawn. INTRODUCTION Proteins are the most important class of biochemical molecules, next are carbohydrates and lipids. Proteins are the basis for the major structural components of animal and human tissue. Proteins are also the indispensable agents of biological function and amino acids are the building block of proteins. Amino acid is an organic compound containing an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). Since amino acids contain both an acidic and a basic group, they undergo an intra molecular acid-base reaction and exist primarily in the form of a dipolar ion, or zwitterions. Amino acids are also amphoteric, meaning, they can react either as acid or base depending on the circumstances. There are basically 20 primary amino acids that serve as the backbone of most proteins. Peptide is a molecule that consists of two or more amino acid linked together by bonds between the amino group and the carboxyl group. Although their structures are less complex than the larger protein molecules, peptides have significant biological activities. Titration is a useful tool in determining the reactivity of amino acid side chains. Since amino acids contain an ionisable group, the predominant ionic form of these molecules in solution depends on pH. Titration of amino acid shows the effect of pH on amino acid structure. Titration is also useful in determining the isoelectric pH of the sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 0.250 g sample of unknown amino acid powder was placed on a 250 ml beaker using an analytical balance. 20.0 ml of distilled water was added to each flask using volumetric pipette and then the flask was swirled to dissolve the sample. Small increments of 0.200 M HCl were added to the dissolved sample using a syringe until the pH value is 1.50. Both acidified solutions were titrated by adding 0.20 ml of 0.200 M NaOH. The pH was measured and recorded at each amount of base that was added. The procedure was repeated until the pH of the solution reached 11.0. Same process was done using commercial aspartame. Titration curves of the unknown sample and that of aspartame were constructed using MS Excel. The unknown sample of amino acid was identified based on the pKa values and pI that were seen in the constructed titration curves. Titrimetric profiles of aspartame and the identified amino acid were drawn. Then the total percentage errors of the pKa and pI were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The unknown amino acid was recognized by comparing its experimental value to 20 amino acids. In able to do that, a titration curve must be drawn. The unknown amino acid was recognized as glutamic acid and it was determined based on its pKa and pI value from the graph. In the titration curve of the unknown amino acid, it can be observed that at the pH reading of 2.16, 10.3 and 4.4 the graph shows an inflection curve making it the pKa values of the unknown sample. These reading were compared with the pKa values the 20 amino acids and it was observed that the experimental pKa values were close to the pKa values of glutamic acid. Identity of Unknown Amino Acid: Glutamic Acid Percentage errors between the experimental and theoretical pKa values of the Unknown amino acid were computed and the results were 4.11 %, 6.51 % and 3.53 % and the percentage error between the pI values of experimental and theoretical is 6.32%. The possible sources of errors were probably the inaccurate weighing of the sample and the measurement in adding HCl/NaOH. During titration, the prototrophic groups lose H+ successively as the pH reach their respective pKa values. The net charge of glutamic acid at the start of the titration is +1 and as each group loses H+ the net charge will decrease by one unit. The acidified Aspartame solution was titrated using 0.200 M of NaOH. The titration curve above shows the inflection points. These points are 2.5, 10.5 and 3.4. The possible sources of errors were the inaccurate weighing of the sample and the measurement in adding HCl/NaOH is not precise. During titration, the prototrophic groups lose H+ successively as the pH reach their respective pKa values. The net charge of aspartame at the start of the titration is +1 and as each group loses H+ the net charge will decrease by one unit. Other possible source of errors on the experiment was the inaccurate plotting of pKa values on the titration curve. Wrong pKa will cause the identity of the unknown sample to be incorrect. The buffering zones of glutamic acid are at 2.16 and at 10.3. In aspartame, the buffering zones are at 10.5 and at 3.4. Both are suitable as buffers on acidic pH. Aspartame has a taste that is close to sugar. It enhances the flavour and does not cause the teeth to decay. There is a scientific study that shows that aspartame is beneficial in weight control and it is helpful for individuals with diabetes because it allows them to please their taste for sweets without affecting their blood sugar level. Aspartame can also result in fewer calories, which helps people with diabetes, manage their weight. Aspartame hydrolyzes into its respective amino acid when heated. There are also unpleasant side effects of aspartame utilization which includes loss of memory, seizures, headache, blindness, protruding eyes, palpitation, depression, insomnia, diarrhea and skin rashes. Aspartame blocks and lowers the levels of serotonin, tyrosine, dopamine, nor epinephrine and adrenaline. As a result, it is typical that aspartame symptoms cannot be detected in laboratory tests and on x-rays.

Logitech and China

Logitech can be considered as a practical example of success in International trade. Logitech, with a well managed strategy could take advantage during these past few years of the globalization of production within different markets. First by outsourcing in Taiwan, then in China, Logitech has demonstrated a real capacity of adaptation to the fast moving actual business world. The company followed a strategy of continuous improvement based on reducing production costs, and focusing on innovation. By buying specific parts of its activities from suppliers in strategic locations, Logitech could benefits of cheap production cost making the brand to become more competitive in the market. Logitech obviously took the right decisions at the right time. When deciding to shift to Taiwan, because they needed more capacity of production, the company decided to adapt its needs to the opportunities offered by the global market. It can be imagined that Logitech’s strategies are carried by a really efficient team, making careful and updated environment analyses, examining all the possible opportunities for the company, at a particular moment, considering the actual position of the brand, the demand for the products, and focusing on the future of the company in a fast-changing environment. By deciding to outsource part of its activities in the US, Switzerland and Ireland for specific activities, Logitech demonstrated again a force of strategy. The global strategy of Logitech is very impressive and we can apply it to most of the Trade Theories studied on the chapter to illustrate the decisions which make Logitech’s strategy so successful.

Relationship between russian and the european union

Russia stretches over a vast expanse of Europe and Asia with an area of 17,075,200 square kilometres making it the largest country in the world in terms of land mass. This country   shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea.Since the termination of the USSR in December 1991, Russia has become an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Russia's worldwide role decreased greatly compared to that of the former Soviet Union.Russia is an essential partner in terms of engaging and building a strategic partnership with.   The 2003 European Security Strategy has rightly placed this country as a key player on geo-political and security issues at global and regional levels.Russia plays an important role in the UN Security Council and has significant influence in the European neighbourhood and in Central Asia. It must likewise be noted that Russia is a major supplier of energy products to the EU.It may be considered to have a small market but Russia is a large market for EU goods and services, with considerable potential for growth. And if that's not good news yet, listen to this: Russia is a key ally in EU efforts in its fight against new threats to security, including terrorism, pollution, crime, illegal migration and trafficking.Russia and the European UnionThe European Union’s primary objective is to enlist Russia to build a genuine strategic partnership, founded on common interests and shared values to which both sides are committed in the relevant international organisations such as the UN, Council of Europe, and OSCE, as well as with each other in the bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA). As Ivanov mentioned these interests and values involved democracy, the rule of law, human rights and market economy principles (2000, pp. 33).Shishaev says that the EU and Russia are already cooperating on various i ssues which include modernisation of Russia’s economy and its consolidation into the world economy, security and international issues (1999, p. 42).Shishaev further explains that â€Å"EU relations with Russia is guided on a large spectrum of particular EU policies, including external policies like the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and trade policy; the external aspects of general EU policies such as on energy, transport, environment, etc.; the external dimension of freedom/security/justice activities; and the principles retained for development cooperation and assistance† (1999, p. 42).Likhachev reported that the common ground for EU relations with Russia is the PCA which came into force on December 1, 1997 for an initial duration of 10 years. This agreement shall extend beyond 2007 on a yearly basis.PCA sets the main objectives, establishes the institutional framework for bilateral contacts, and calls for activities and dialogue in a number of areas. The conditions of the PCA embrace a wide range of policy areas including political dialogue; trade in goods and services; business and investment; financial and legislative cooperation; science and technology; education and training; energy, nuclear and space cooperation; environment, transport; culture; and cooperation on the prevention of illegal activities. Rules of procedure for the dispute settlement provisions of the PCA were adopted in April 2004 (2000, pp. 20-24).The EU laid down its basic approach to relations with Russia in a â€Å"Common Strategy† in 1999 which was not extended beyond June 2004. An in February 2004, the Commission adopted a Communication which adopted measures to improve the effectiveness of EU-Russia relations, specifically in the wake of increased mutual dependence, the forthcoming enlargement, and the unresolved conflicts in some countries bordering Russia.The current institutional framework for relations with Russia as mentioned   above, is expec ted to change under the provisions of the new agreement with the view to creating a more concise and streamlined approach.During the Summit held in May 2003, the EU and Russia mutually decided to strengthen their cooperation by coming up with so-called four ‘common spaces’ in the framework of the PCA. It was agreed to make a common economic space; a common space of freedom, security and justice; a space of co-operation in the field of external security; as well as a space of research and education, including cultural aspects.Antonenko and Pinnick (2005, pp. 35-37) pointed out the ‘the purpose of the common economic space   is to create an open and integrated market between the EU and Russia which will bring down barriers to trade and investment and promote reforms and competitiveness, based on the principles of non-discrimination, transparency and good governance'.Among the wide range of actions that were perceived are a number of new dialogues. Cooperation is b eing stepped up on regulatory policy, investment issues, competition, financial services, telecommunications, transport, energy, space activities and space launching, etc. Environment, including nuclear safety and the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, also figures prominently.Meanwhile, Antonenko and Pinnick (2005, pp. 124 – 127) also reported that work on a common space for freedom, security and justice has made a big leap with the end of negotiations on the Visa Facilitation and the Readmission Agreements which were signed during the recent the EU-Russia Summit last May 25 in Sochi, Russia. Ratifications are being done by both the EU and Russia.Working together on fighting terrorism and other forms of transnational illegal activities such as money laundering, drugs and human trafficking will continue as well as on document security through the introduction of biometric features in a range of identification documents.Forsberg (1998, pp. 201-204) illustrated that the comm on space on external security, meanwhile, underlines the shared responsibility of the parties for an international order based on effective multilateralism, their support for the central role of the UN, and for the effectiveness of, in particular, the OSCE and the Council of Europe.Currently, there are ongoing activities to strengthen cooperation in the five priority areas identified in the Road Map which include strengthening dialogue and cooperation on the international scene; fight against terrorism; non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD); crisis management; and civil protection. Under the first priority, particular attention is given to securing stability in the regions adjacent to Russian and EU borders.Standing on the relations with Russia through its involvement in EU Research and Development activities and in particular the Framework Programme for Research and Development. The objective is to capitalise on the strength of the EU and Russian research communiti es and promote joint research activities in areas of common interest. Relationship between russian and the european union Russia stretches over a vast expanse of Europe and Asia with an area of 17,075,200 square kilometres making it the largest country in the world in terms of land mass. This country   shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea.Since the termination of the USSR in December 1991, Russia has become an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Russia's worldwide role decreased greatly compared to that of the former Soviet Union.Russia is an essential partner in terms of engaging and building a strategic partnership with.   The 2003 European Security Strategy has rightly placed this country as a key player on geo-political and security issues at global and regional levels. Russia plays an important role in the UN Security Council and has significant influence in the European neighbourhood and in Central Asia. It must likewise be noted that Russia is a major supplier of energy products to the EU.It may be considered to have a small market but Russia is a large market for EU goods and services, with considerable potential for growth. And if that's not good news yet, listen to this: Russia is a key ally in EU efforts in its fight against new threats to security, including terrorism, pollution, crime, illegal migration and trafficking.Russia and the European UnionThe European Union’s primary objective is to enlist Russia to build a genuine strategic partnership, founded on common interests and shared values to which both sides are committed in the relevant international organisations such as the UN, Council of Europe, and OSCE, as well as with each other in the bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA).As Ivanov mentioned these interests and values involved democracy, the rule of law, human rights and market economy principles (2000, pp. 33).Shishaev says that the EU and Russia are already cooperating on various i ssues which include modernisation of Russia’s economy and its consolidation into the world economy, security and international issues (1999, p. 42).Shishaev further explains that â€Å"EU relations with Russia is guided on a large spectrum of particular EU policies, including external policies like the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and trade policy; the external aspects of general EU policies such as on energy, transport, environment, etc.; the external dimension of freedom/security/justice activities; and the principles retained for development cooperation and assistance† (1999, p. 42).Likhachev reported that the common ground for EU relations with Russia is the PCA which came into force on December 1, 1997 for an initial duration of 10 years. This agreement shall extend beyond 2007 on a yearly basis. PCA sets the main objectives, establishes the institutional framework for bilateral contacts, and calls for activities and dialogue in a number of areas.The conditions of the PCA embrace a wide range of policy areas including political dialogue; trade in goods and services; business and investment; financial and legislative cooperation; science and technology; education and training; energy, nuclear and space cooperation; environment, transport; culture; and cooperation on the prevention of illegal activities. Rules of procedure for the dispute settlement provisions of the PCA were adopted in April 2004 (2000, pp. 20-24).The EU laid down its basic approach to relations with Russia in a â€Å"Common Strategy† in 1999 which was not extended beyond June 2004. An in February 2004, the Commission adopted a Communication which adopted measures to improve the effectiveness of EU-Russia relations, specifically in the wake of increased mutual dependence, the forthcoming enlargement, and the unresolved conflicts in some countries bordering Russia.The current institutional framework for relations with Russia as mentioned   above, is expec ted to change under the provisions of the new agreement with the view to creating a more concise and streamlined approach.During the Summit held in May 2003, the EU and Russia mutually decided to strengthen their cooperation by coming up with so-called four ‘common spaces’ in the framework of the PCA. It was agreed to make a common economic space; a common space of freedom, security and justice; a space of co-operation in the field of external security; as well as a space of research and education, including cultural aspects.Antonenko and Pinnick (2005, pp. 35-37) pointed out the ‘the purpose of the common economic space   is to create an open and integrated market between the EU and Russia which will bring down barriers to trade and investment and promote reforms and competitiveness, based on the principles of non-discrimination, transparency and good governance'.Among the wide range of actions that were perceived are a number of new dialogues. Cooperation is b eing stepped up on regulatory policy, investment issues, competition, financial services, telecommunications, transport, energy, space activities and space launching, etc. Environment, including nuclear safety and the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, also figures prominently.

Conjugate the Italian Verb Preferire